This monographic report presents a socio-cultural portrait of the Jewish community of Azerbaijan and the Mountain Jewish diaspora in other countries, primarily in Russia and Israel. The empirical data serving as the basis for the conclusions and practical recommendations were obtained from recent field-based ethnographic and sociological studies conducted by the authors, as well as in-depth interviews with experts and archival materials. This work was carried out as part of a large-scale study of Jewish communities in the former USSR, initiated by the EAJC.