The Republic of Azerbaijan

The Jewish community of Azerbaijan comprises various groups, notably Mountain, Georgian, and Ashkenazi Jews, alongside smaller communities of Kurdish and Bukharan Jews. The Mountain Jews of Azerbaijan trace their lineage back to the 5th century CE, originating from Jews of the Persian Empire. They speak a unique dialect of the Tat language, which incorporates numerous Hebrew elements.

The first Ashkenazi Jews settled in Baku in 1810. By 1910, their population had exceeded that of the local Mountain Jewish community. Following a wave of emigration after 1972, Mountain Jews regained their status as the largest community by the mid-1990s. Today, Baku hosts several educational and community institutions, including the JFuture Sunday School, the 11-year Chabad Or Avner Jewish Day School, the Hava women's organization, Hesed Gershon, and a youth club.